Mouth breathing is a form of breathing that replaces nasal breathing and it’s aetiology is complex. Trial registration registration number CRD42019129198. Airway stenosis was common in mouth-breathing children. In addition, mouth breathing presented a tendency of labial inclination of the upper anterior teeth. The results showed that the mandible and maxilla rotated backward and downward, and the occlusal plane was steep. In Sagittal direction, SNA (MD: − 1.63, P < 0.0001), SNB (MD: − 1.96, P < 0.0001) in mouth-breathing children was lower than that in nasal-breathing children. Resultsįollowing full-text evaluations for eligibility, 10 studies were included in the final quantitative synthesis. Review Manager 5.3, was used to synthesize various parameters associated with the impact of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion. The mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were analyzed for continuous data. Data concerning the mean difference in mesial molar movement and extent of canine retraction were extracted for statistical analysis. NB, 1-NB, Overjet, Overbite, SPAS, PAS, and C3-H. The included indicators were SNA, SNB, ANB, SN-OP, SN-PP, PP-MP, SNGoGn, MP-H, 1-NA, 1. The Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used for the quality assessment. The risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) tool for controlled clinical trials. Inclusion criteria were children under 18 years of age with maxillofacial deformities due to mouth breathing. MethodsĪn electronic search in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Sigle through February 23rd, 2020, was conducted. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children. Mouth breathing is closely related to the facial skeletal development and malocclusion.
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